In the early 1950’s, Dr. Steiner emphasized the significance of the cephalometric analysis since the cephalometer was still starting to gain popularity during his time. He tried to present the analysis in an easily understood and relevant manner to encourage higher...

The 2010 Jefferson Cephalometric Analysis evolved from the Sassouni Archial Analysis by Dr. Vikan Sassouni, Sassouni Plus and Simplified Sassouni Plus Analysis by Dr. Richard Beistle and the Koski Circle Analysis. However, it distinctly used the Cranial plane and...

The success of orthodontic treatment lies in careful diagnosis and treatment planning. The cephalogram provides descriptive information of the patient’s skeletal and dental malocclusion. The radiographic data are analyzed to predict growth patterns and determine case...

The location and function of the mandible is important for proper orthodontic treatment.  The mandibular plane represents the lowest horizontal plane on a patient’s face. It is usually plotted by connecting anterior and posterior skeletal landmarks.  On the lateral...

Early orthodontics adhered to a philosophy of the correction of malocclusion with the goal of achieving normal occlusion. The 1948 Downs analysis was the first cephalometric analysis published in the USA. It studied the facial skeletal pattern and its correlation to...

The 1975 Wits Analysis, named after the University of Witwatersrand by Dr. Alex Jacobson, was intended to be a diagnostic aid to measure the severity of anteroposterior jaw disharmony. The analysis used a sample of twenty-one male and twenty-five female adults. It...

In the late 1970’s, clinical orthodontics has seen advancements in terms of surgical correction of skeletal malocclusion as well as functional appliance therapy for the treatment of skeletal discrepancies. Historically, the earlier analyses available thought that...

In 1955, Dr. Viken Sassouni of the University of Pittsburgh developed the original Sassouni Analysis. The Sassouni analysis was the first method to emphasize vertical and horizontal relationships and their proportions. Sassouni focused on the structural analysis of...

The Sassouni analysis is based on a study by Viken Sassouni published in 1955 in the American Journal of Orthodontics. The Sassouni analysis was the first method to emphasize vertical and horizontal relationships and their proportions. Sassouni focused on the...

Throughout the years, the lateral cephalogram has been used to accurately evaluate craniofacial structures and their growth since it was introduced in 1931 by Broadbent. Necessary reference points and segments are translated anatomically in the skull into radiographic...